CHERAW, S.C. — Many people associate the serious injury to the knee’s anterior cruciate ligament with the rough contact of football. That statement is half true. It is a serious injury but often not due to on-field contact.
“Most ACL harm results from a so-called plant and pivot injury,” says McLeod Orthopedic Surgeon Thomas DiStefano, M.D. “The person lands with their foot stuck in a spot. They turn and their leg doesn’t go with them. Then, there is the classic loud audible pop — very characteristic of an ACL tear.”
The knee has four main ligaments. On the outside there are the medial and lateral collateral ligaments. Inside the knee, two ligaments cross like an “X.” The one in the front is the anterior cruciate ligament; the one in the back, the post cruciate ligament or PCL.
With an ACL injury, a person cannot put weight on their knee. It swells up and is very obvious. Occasionally, the damage may be subtle and appear to be nothing more than an unstable knee. An athlete should be carefully examined before they are allowed to go back on the field.
ACL injuries are much more common in female athletes, especially in soccer. In basketball, the odds are seven times greater for female athletes sustaining an ACL tear than male athletes.
Surgery is needed to reconstruct the ligament, using a graft from the patient’s hamstring, tendon or material from a deceased donor. No matter what the source is, the body absorbs the graft and creates a new living ligament.
Through that process, the body absorbs the graft faster than it lays it down the new tissue for about three months. Then, the body starts creating a new tendon faster than absorbing the graft. That’s why it takes six months for the ligament to fully heal before athletes can resume pivot activities.
“Until then, recovering patients can do straight ahead walking, jogging, running, biking or even swimming — but no pivot activities until after six months,” says Dr. DiStefano. “Even at that point, the knee is weak, with typically 65 percent strength. Overall healing usually takes about a year to get to 85 percent of function and strength and two years to fully and completely regain all your strength.”
DiStefano and Eric Willoughby, DNP, serve patients at McLeod Orthopaedics Cheraw, where they diagnose and treat an array of orthopedic conditions of those living in Chesterfield and Marlboro counties and surrounding areas. For more information about treatment options or to schedule an appointment, call 843-537-0010.
